{"id":288,"date":"2024-05-15T01:35:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T01:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/?p=288"},"modified":"2026-09-23T18:40:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T18:40:56","slug":"artificial-heart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2024\/05\/15\/artificial-heart\/","title":{"rendered":"Umjetno srce - dokle je znanost stigla 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Umjetno srce &#8211; dokle je znanost stigla 2026<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d181d18ad180d186d0b5.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-attachment-id=\"2435\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2024\/05\/15\/artificial-heart\/%d1%81%d1%8a%d1%80%d1%86%d0%b5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d181d18ad180d186d0b5.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,576\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\u0441\u044a\u0440\u0446\u0435\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d181d18ad180d186d0b5.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d181d18ad180d186d0b5.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2435\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Od privremene zamjene za srce do potpuno implantabilnog bioni\u010dkog srca<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ljudsko srce jedan je od najva\u017enijih organa u ljudskom tijelu. Djeluje kontinuirano od trenutka ro\u0111enja do kraja \u017eivota pumpaju\u0107i krv u plu\u0107a i sve druge organe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U te\u0161kom zatajenju srca moderna medicina ima nekoliko vrsta mehani\u010dke potpore cirkulacije, uklju\u010duju\u0107i ure\u0111aje koji podupiru rad jedne komore, kao i <strong>totalna umjetna srca<\/strong>, koji zamjenjuju pumpnu funkciju dviju sr\u010danih komora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Godinama je glavna svrha potpunog umjetnog srca bila odr\u017eati pacijenta na \u017eivotu dok se ne prona\u0111e srce donora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Me\u0111utim, posljednjih godina pojavila se nova generacija tehnologije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istra\u017eiva\u010di ve\u0107 razvijaju umjetna srca koja su manja, ti\u0161a, u\u010dinkovitija i potencijalno se mogu u potpunosti ugraditi u ljudsko tijelo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posebno je va\u017ean primjer <strong>BiVACOR Totalno umjetno srce<\/strong> \u2013 umjetno srce s magnetski levitiraju\u0107im rotorom i samo jednim pokretnim dijelom. Prva ljudska implantacija dogodila se u srpnju 2024. u sklopu klini\u010dkog ispitivanja u SAD-u. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bivacor.com\/the-texas-heart-institute-implants-bivacor-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">BiVACOR, Inc.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od 2026., me\u0111utim, jo\u0161 uvijek ne postoji umjetno srce odobreno za trajnu, do\u017eivotnu zamjenu prirodnog ljudskog srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kako radi ljudsko srce?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ljudsko srce ima \u010detiri komore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>desni atrij;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>desna komora;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lijevi atrij;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lijeva komora.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desna polovica srca pumpa krv u plu\u0107a, gdje se oboga\u0107uje kisikom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krv oboga\u0107ena kisikom se zatim vra\u0107a u lijevu polovicu srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lijeva klijetka pumpa krv u cijelo tijelo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo izgleda kao relativno jednostavna mehani\u010dka pumpa, ali zapravo je srce izuzetno slo\u017een biolo\u0161ki sustav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mora kontinuirano regulirati:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>broj otkucaja srca;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>snaga pumpanja;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>koli\u010dina krvi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pritisak;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vrijeme izme\u0111u kontrakcija;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reakcija na fizi\u010dki napor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>odgovor na odmor i san.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prirodno srce tako\u0111er blisko sura\u0111uje sa \u017eiv\u010danim i hormonskim sustavom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga stvaranje mehani\u010dke pumpe koja jednostavno pokre\u0107e krv nije dovoljno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neophodno je da ure\u0111aj mo\u017ee odr\u017eavati cirkulaciju krvi u uvjetima koji se stalno mijenjaju u ljudskom tijelu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160to je totalno umjetno srce?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Totalno umjetno srce, odn <strong>Totalno umjetno srce (TAH)<\/strong>, ure\u0111aj je koji zamjenjuje pumpnu funkciju prirodnih klijetki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To ga razlikuje od <strong>LVAD<\/strong> \u2013 Pomo\u0107ni ure\u0111aj lijeve klijetke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LVAD poma\u017ee lijevoj klijetki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potpuno umjetno srce zamjenjuje funkcije klijetki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je osobito va\u017eno u bolesnika s te\u0161kim biventrikularnim zatajenjem srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SynCardia Totalno umjetno srce<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedna od najva\u017enijih faza u povijesti umjetnog srca je <strong>SynCardia Totalno umjetno srce<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To je prvo umjetno srce koje je dobilo odobrenje FDA za klini\u010dku upotrebu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od 2026. SynCardia ostaje jedino potpuno umjetno srce odobreno za komercijalnu upotrebu u SAD-u i Kanadi. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syncardia.com\/syncardia-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">syncardia.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sustav zamjenjuje ventrikule i koristi pneumatski mehanizam za pumpanje krvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Implantirani dio povezan je cijevima s vanjskim pneumatskim pokreta\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sustav mo\u017ee koristiti bolovanje <strong>Suputnik 2 voza\u010d<\/strong>, a kod prikladnih pacijenata i prijenosni <strong>Voza\u010d slobode<\/strong>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syncardia.com\/syncardia-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">syncardia.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To omogu\u0107uje nekim pacijentima da budu mobilni izvan bolnice dok \u010dekaju na transplantaciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ali postoji zna\u010dajan nedostatak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dio sustava ostaje izvan tijela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga SynCardia nije umjetno srce koje se mo\u017ee u potpunosti ugraditi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Koliko dugo mo\u017ee raditi umjetno srce?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovdje je potrebno a\u017euriranje starog \u010dlanka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nije to\u010dno jednostavno re\u0107i da umjetno srce mo\u017ee raditi &#8220;manje od godinu dana&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trajanje ovisi o specifi\u010dnom sustavu, pacijentu i klini\u010dkoj situaciji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SynCardia je prvenstveno namijenjena kao <strong>most-to-transplantacija<\/strong> \u2013 privremena podr\u0161ka do transplantacije donorskog srca. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syncardia.com\/syncardia-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">syncardia.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istodobno, klini\u010dka iskustva pokazuju da se pacijenti mogu odr\u017eavati znatno dulje od nekoliko tjedana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Primjerice, 2024. godine u Australiji je pacijentu s te\u0161kim zatajenjem srca ugra\u0111eno umjetno srce BiVACOR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pacijentica je nakon toga otpu\u0161tena iz bolnice s umjetnim srcem i \u017eivi s njim <strong>105 dana<\/strong>, prije nego \u0161to se izvr\u0161i transplantacija donorskog srca. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/news\/articles\/australias-first-durable-total-artificial-heart-implant-announced-as-a-success?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">Sveu\u010dili\u0161te Monash<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je va\u017ena demonstracija da nove tehnologije mogu pru\u017eiti dugoro\u010dnu mehani\u010dku potporu izvan bolni\u010dkog okru\u017eenja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BiVACOR \u2013 novi koncept za umjetno srce<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedan od najzanimljivijih doga\u0111aja u posljednjih nekoliko godina je <strong>BiVACOR Totalno umjetno srce<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Za razliku od tradicionalnih totalnih umjetnih srca, BiVACOR koristi elektromehani\u010dku rotacionu pumpu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ure\u0111aj je izra\u0111en od titana i ima <strong>jedan magnetski levitiraju\u0107i rotor<\/strong>, koji pumpa krv u plu\u0107a i sustavnu cirkulaciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dakle, ure\u0111aj nema tradicionalne ventile i fleksibilne membrane karakteristi\u010dne za pneumatske sustave. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bivacor.com\/the-texas-heart-institute-implants-bivacor-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">BiVACOR, Inc.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je bitno druga\u010diji in\u017eenjerski koncept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prva BiVACOR implantacija u \u010dovjeka<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na <strong>9. srpnja 2024<\/strong> Texas Heart Institute izvodi prvu implantaciju BiVACOR totalnog umjetnog srca u \u010dovjeka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zahvat je u\u010dinjen na pacijentu u zavr\u0161nom stadiju zatajenja srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cilj ranog klini\u010dkog ispitivanja je procijeniti sigurnost i u\u010dinkovitost sustava kao mosta do transplantacije. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bivacor.com\/the-texas-heart-institute-implants-bivacor-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">BiVACOR, Inc.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je va\u017ean trenutak jer pokazuje da je tehnologija ve\u0107 pre\u0161la s laboratorijskih studija i studija na \u017eivotinjama na klini\u010dku upotrebu kod ljudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prvi BiVACOR pacijent otpu\u0161ten iz bolnice<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U studenom 2024. BiVACOR je implantiran u pacijenta u bolnici St Vincent&#8217;s Hospital Sydney.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nakon nekoliko tjedana u jedinici intenzivne njege i pra\u0107enja, pacijent je postao prva osoba na svijetu koja je otpu\u0161tena iz bolnice s BiVACOR totalnim umjetnim srcem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On tro\u0161i <strong>105 dana s ure\u0111ajem<\/strong>, prije nego \u0161to se prona\u0111e odgovaraju\u0107e srce donora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dana 6. o\u017eujka 2025. pacijentu je presa\u0111eno ljudsko srce. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/news\/articles\/australias-first-durable-total-artificial-heart-implant-announced-as-a-success?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">Sveu\u010dili\u0161te Monash<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je jedan od najzna\u010dajnijih prakti\u010dnih rezultata u razvoju modernih totalno umjetnih srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Po \u010demu je BiVACOR druga\u010diji?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BiVACOR ima nekoliko zna\u010dajki koje ga razlikuju od tradicionalnih pneumatskih umjetnih srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Magnetski levitiraju\u0107i rotor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rotor je podr\u017ean magnetskom levitacijom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Time se smanjuje mehani\u010dki kontakt izme\u0111u pokretnih dijelova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Samo jedan pokretni dio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sve pumpanje vr\u0161i jedan rotor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nema tradicionalnih mehani\u010dkih ventila<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Protok krvi stvara se rotacijom rotora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zamjenjuje obje klijetke<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sustav mo\u017ee obavljati funkcije desne i lijeve klijetke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mala veli\u010dina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dizajn je razvijen tako da se mo\u017ee staviti u ljudska prsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To otvara mogu\u0107nost budu\u0107ih sustava koji su puno manji i manje ovisni o vanjskom hardveru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BiVACOR jo\u0161 nije trajno umjetno srce<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je vrlo va\u017eno poja\u0161njenje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unato\u010d impresivnim rezultatima, BiVACOR je i dalje <strong>klini\u010dka eksperimentalna tehnologija<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tvrtka provodi rano klini\u010dko ispitivanje koje je odobrila FDA kako bi procijenila sigurnost i u\u010dinkovitost sustava kao mosta do transplantacije. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bivacor.com\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">BiVACOR, Inc.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga ne mo\u017eemo re\u0107i da je BiVACOR ve\u0107 trajno zamijenio ljudsko srce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ali mo\u017eemo re\u0107i da tehnologija predstavlja va\u017ean korak prema ovom cilju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aeson \u2013 umjetno srce s biomimeti\u010dkim pristupom<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drugi va\u017ean projekt je <strong>Aeson<\/strong>, razvijen od strane francuske tvrtke CARMAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aeson ima druga\u010diji koncept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Umjesto samo mehani\u010dke rotiraju\u0107e pumpe, sustav ima za cilj opona\u0161ati vi\u0161e karakteristika prirodnog srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Koristi mehani\u010dke kamere i senzore koji omogu\u0107uju regulaciju protoka krvi prema potrebama pacijenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aeson dobiva oznaku CE u Europi za kori\u0161tenje kao most do transplantacije, a 2025. tako\u0111er dobiva CE certifikaciju prema europskom MDR-u. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/2030617\/000143774926019043\/pmi20260601_424b3.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">SEK<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od sije\u010dnja 2026. u tijeku je postmarketin\u0161ko klini\u010dko ispitivanje za pra\u0107enje sigurnosti, u\u010dinkovitosti i trajanja odr\u017eavanja s Aesonom do transplantacije. (<a href=\"https:\/\/ichgcp.net\/clinical-trials-registry\/NCT05474092?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">ICHGCP<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To ukazuje da je Aeson dosegao znatno napredniji stupanj od \u010diste laboratorijske tehnologije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aeson i CARMAT problemi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Razvoj umjetnog srca nije samo medicinski i in\u017eenjerski problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To je i proizvodno-ekonomski problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CARMAT je 2025. godine u\u0161ao u postupke financijskog restrukturiranja, \u0161to je dovelo do smanjenja ili privremene obustave nekih od novih implantata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krajem 2025. francuski sud odobrio je prijenos odre\u0111ene imovine na novu tvrtku CARMAT SAS. Prema korporativnim dokumentima iz 2026., klini\u010dki razvoj i podr\u0161ka postoje\u0107im pacijentima se nastavljaju, ali budu\u0107nost velike proizvodnje ostaje slo\u017eeno pitanje. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/2030617\/000143774926019043\/pmi20260601_424b3.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">SEK<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovaj primjer pokazuje koliko je te\u0161ko medicinskom sustavu visoke tehnologije prije\u0107i s klini\u010dkih ispitivanja na odr\u017eivu masovnu proizvodnju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sljede\u0107i cilj \u2013 potpuno implantabilno umjetno srce<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedan od najve\u0107ih problema s modernim totalno umjetnim srcem je prisutnost vanjskog pokreta\u010da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">zna\u010di:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>vanjska oprema;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kabeli ili cijevi koji prolaze kroz ko\u017eu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vanjska baterija;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ograni\u010dena pokretljivost;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rizik od infekcije;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>potreba za stalnom kontrolom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga bi idealno budu\u0107e umjetno srce trebalo biti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>potpuno ugra\u0111en u tijelo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Projekt Car<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SynCardia je 2026. godine razvila sustav nove generacije tzv <strong>Emperor totalno umjetno srce<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cilj je zamijeniti pneumatski vanjski pokreta\u010d elektromehani\u010dkim sustavom koji se nalazi u tijelu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prema podacima objavljenim 2026., Emperor koristi elektromehani\u010dki pokreta\u010d i razvija se kao osnova za budu\u0107i potpuno implantabilni sustav. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2026.02.1814?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">JACC<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u017euriranje tvrtke iz 2026. navodi da su prototipovi Emperora u predklini\u010dkim laboratorijima i ispitivanjima na \u017eivotinjama i da bi, podlo\u017eno uspje\u0161nim rezultatima i reviziji propisa, tvrtka mogla zatra\u017eiti odobrenje FDA za sustav oko 2028. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sec.gov\/Archives\/edgar\/data\/2030617\/000143774926019043\/pmi20260601_424b3.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">SEK<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo je va\u017eno poja\u0161njenje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Emperor jo\u0161 nije ugra\u0111en u ljude kao odobreno trajno umjetno srce.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To je tehnologija sljede\u0107e generacije u razvoju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kako bi izgledalo potpuno implantabilno umjetno srce?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Budu\u0107i sustav mogao bi izgledati otprilike ovako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>umjetno srce<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>unutarnji elektromehani\u010dki motor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ugra\u0111ena baterija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>be\u017ei\u010dno punjenje kroz ko\u017eu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>senzori krvnog tlaka i protoka krvi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>sustav automatskog pode\u0161avanja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Takav bi ure\u0111aj mogao raditi bez stalne vanjske pneumatske pumpe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Umjetna inteligencija i budu\u0107e srce<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Umjetna inteligencija i kontrolni algoritmi mogli bi igrati va\u017enu ulogu u budu\u0107im umjetnim srcima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inteligentni sustav mogao bi nadzirati:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>protok krvi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pritisak;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>broj otkucaja srca;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tjelesna aktivnost;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>potreba za kisikom;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>polo\u017eaj tijela;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>metaboli\u010dko optere\u0107enje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kontroler tada mo\u017ee automatski promijeniti rad crpke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na primjer, tijekom tjelesnog napora tijelo treba vi\u0161e krvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tijekom spavanja potreba je manja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prirodno srce ovu prilagodbu \u010dini automatski.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedan od glavnih ciljeva budu\u0107ih umjetnih srca je posti\u0107i takvu automatsku regulaciju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Umjetno srce naspram presa\u0111enog ljudskog srca<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovdje se mora napraviti va\u017ena razlika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U transplantaciji pacijent dobiva biolo\u0161ki ljudski organ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U potpunom umjetnom srcu biolo\u0161ki organ zamijenjen je mehani\u010dkim sustavom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To eliminira potrebu za donorskim srcem, ali stvara druge probleme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mehani\u010dko tro\u0161enje;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opskrba energijom;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stvaranje tromba;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>interakcija izme\u0111u krvi i umjetnih materijala;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>infekcije;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>elektroni\u010dki kvarovi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mehani\u010dka o\u0161te\u0107enja;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>potreba za kontrolom i pra\u0107enjem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga trajno umjetno srce mora biti vi\u0161e od samo mehani\u010dke pouzdanosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mora biti pouzdan <strong>tijekom godina ili desetlje\u0107a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017ee li umjetno srce raditi desetke godina?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To je jedan od najve\u0107ih znanstvenih ciljeva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da bi umjetno srce do\u017eivotno zamijenilo prirodni organ, ono mora neprestano pumpati krv:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>24 sata dnevno<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>365 dana u godini<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>desetlje\u0107ima.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To zna\u010di milijarde ciklusa rada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Osim mehani\u010dke pouzdanosti, treba se pozabaviti i pitanjem energije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ljudsko srce dobiva energiju iz tjelesnog metabolizma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Umjetno srce mora se napajati baterijom ili drugim sustavom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga \u0107e budu\u0107e trajno umjetno srce vjerojatno trebati kombinaciju:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>visoko u\u010dinkovit elektri\u010dni motor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>baterija visoke u\u010dinkovitosti;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>be\u017ei\u010dno punjenje;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inteligentno upravljanje energijom;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>minimalno trenje;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>minimalno zagrijavanje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glavni problem je krv<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedan od najve\u0107ih problema s mehani\u010dkim srcem je interakcija izme\u0111u umjetnih povr\u0161ina i krvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krv mo\u017ee reagirati na strane tvari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To mo\u017ee dovesti do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>stvaranje tromba;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>o\u0161te\u0107enje krvnih stanica;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>upalne reakcije;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>embolija.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga moderna umjetna srca koriste posebne materijale, geometrije i metode za kontrolu protoka krvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Magnetska levitacija u BiVACOR-u, na primjer, omogu\u0107uje podupiranje rotora bez tradicionalnog mehani\u010dkog kontakta, \u0161to je dio in\u017eenjerskog pristupa smanjenju mehani\u010dkog tro\u0161enja i optimiziranju interakcije krvi. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bivacor.com\/the-texas-heart-institute-implants-bivacor-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">BiVACOR, Inc.<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017ee li umjetno srce biti bolje od ljudskog?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U budu\u0107nosti je mogu\u0107e da \u0107e umjetno srce imati funkcije koje prirodni organ nema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na primjer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>stalno pra\u0107enje;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>digitalno mjerenje protoka krvi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>automatsko pode\u0161avanje;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>daljinska dijagnostika;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>upozorenje o kvaru;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI kontrola;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>integracija pametnog telefona;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>predvi\u0111anje sr\u010danih problema;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>automatska prilagodba tjelesnoj aktivnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U budu\u0107nosti je mogu\u0107e da bi sustav \u010dak mogao komunicirati s medicinskim centrom i automatski prenositi dijagnosti\u010dke podatke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Me\u0111utim, to su budu\u0107e tehnolo\u0161ke mogu\u0107nosti, a ne zna\u010dajke dana\u0161njih klini\u010dki odobrenih potpunih umjetnih srca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stanje tehnologije u 2026<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Tehnologija<\/th><th>Stanje u 2026<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SynCardia Totalno umjetno srce<\/td><td>Klini\u010dki kori\u0161teno totalno umjetno srce; most do transplantacije<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voza\u010d slobode<\/td><td>Omogu\u0107uje prijenosno odr\u017eavanje kod odgovaraju\u0107ih pacijenata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aeson<\/td><td>Klini\u010dki se koristi u Europi za odre\u0111ene indikacije; postmarketin\u0161ko pra\u0107enje<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BiVACOR Totalno umjetno srce<\/td><td>Rano klini\u010dko ispitivanje na ljudima<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BiVACOR 105-dnevni slu\u010daj<\/td><td>Pacijentica je \u017eivjela 105 dana s ure\u0111ajem do transplantacije<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Car<\/td><td>Pretklini\u010dki razvoj mehani\u010dkog pogona sljede\u0107e generacije<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Potpuno implantabilno umjetno srce<\/td><td>Jo\u0161 u razvoju<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trajna do\u017eivotna zamjena srca<\/td><td>Jo\u0161 nije postignuto<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SynCardia ostaje jedino potpuno umjetno srce s komercijalnim odobrenjem u SAD-u i Kanadi, dok su BiVACOR i Emperor sljede\u0107e generacije u razli\u010ditim fazama klini\u010dkog i predklini\u010dkog razvoja. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.syncardia.com\/syncardia-total-artificial-heart\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">syncardia.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160to treba posti\u0107i?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kako bismo imali pravo trajno umjetno srce, potrebno je rije\u0161iti nekoliko temeljnih problema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Dugoro\u010dna pouzdanost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ure\u0111aj bi trebao raditi godinama ili desetlje\u0107ima bez mehani\u010dkog kvara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Energija<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Potreban je pouzdan sustav napajanja bez stalne vanjske veze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Biokompatibilnost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Materijali moraju sigurno komunicirati s krvlju i tkivima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Automatsko upravljanje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Umjetno srce mora odgovoriti na potrebe organizma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Minijaturizacija<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naprava mora biti dovoljno mala da se mo\u017ee sigurno postaviti na prsa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Be\u017ei\u010dno punjenje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To bi smanjilo oslanjanje na kabele koji prolaze kroz ko\u017eu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Inteligentni nadzor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sustav mora stalno pratiti vlastito stanje i stanje pacijenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sljede\u0107a granica \u2013 potpuno autonomno bioni\u010dko srce<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Idealno budu\u0107e umjetno srce moglo bi se u potpunosti ugraditi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sadr\u017eavao bi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>mehani\u010dka pumpa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>unutarnji motor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>baterija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>be\u017ei\u010dno punjenje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>senzori<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>inteligentni kontroler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>komunikacija s vanjskim ure\u0111ajima<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Takav bi ure\u0111aj mogao raditi bez vanjskog pokreta\u010da i bez cijevi koje prolaze kroz ko\u017eu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To bi predstavljalo kvalitativni skok u razvoju umjetnih organa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Umjetno srce i budu\u0107nost medicine<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri\u010da o umjetnom srcu jako dobro pokazuje kako se razvija biomedicinski in\u017eenjering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Izvorni cilj bio je relativno jednostavan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>za odr\u017eavanje cirkulacije dovoljno dugo da pacijent mo\u017ee primiti transplantaciju.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sljede\u0107i cilj je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>stvoriti ure\u0111aj koji mo\u017ee raditi izvan bolnice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sljede\u0107e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>za uklanjanje vanjskog aparata.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I krajnji cilj:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>stvoriti potpuno implantabilno umjetno srce koje mo\u017ee trajno zamijeniti prirodni organ.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od 2026. godine \u010dovje\u010danstvo se nalazi izme\u0111u tre\u0107e i \u010detvrte faze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zaklju\u010dak<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Umjetno srce vi\u0161e nije samo znanstvena fantastika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moderna potpuna umjetna srca mogu zapravo zamijeniti pumpnu funkciju srca kod odre\u0111enih pacijenata i odr\u017eati \u017eivot do transplantacije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SynCardia je bio prvi totalni sustav umjetnog srca koji je odobrila FDA i nastavlja se klini\u010dki koristiti kao most do transplantacije. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfpma\/pma.cfm?ID=P030011S097&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\">FDA pristupni podaci<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BiVACOR predstavlja novu generaciju tehnologije s magnetskim levitiraju\u0107im rotorom i elektromehani\u010dkim pumpanjem. Prva ljudska implantacija dogodila se 2024. godine, a 2025. godine pacijent u Australiji \u017eivio je 105 dana s ure\u0111ajem izvan bolnice prije nego \u0161to je primio transplantaciju. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.monash.edu\/news\/articles\/australias-first-durable-total-artificial-heart-implant-announced-as-a-success?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">Sveu\u010dili\u0161te Monash<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aeson predstavlja jo\u0161 jedan pristup, biomimeti\u010dnije umjetno srce koje se nastavlja klini\u010dki testirati i pratiti u Europi. (<a href=\"https:\/\/ichgcp.net\/clinical-trials-registry\/NCT05474092?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">ICHGCP<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Istodobno, Emperorov razvoj ima za cilj eliminirati vanjski pneumatski pokreta\u010d i stvoriti osnovu za potpuno implantabilno umjetno srce. Od 2026. ovaj je sustav jo\u0161 uvijek u pretklini\u010dkoj fazi. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2026.02.1814?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">JACC<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stoga, znanstvena slika do <strong>2026<\/strong> je kako slijedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sada mo\u017eemo zamijeniti mehani\u010dku funkciju pumpanja ljudskog srca.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ali ljudsko srce jo\u0161 ne mo\u017eemo zamijeniti umjetnim organom koji mo\u017ee pouzdano raditi autonomno i kontinuirano tijekom \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sljede\u0107i veliki korak bit \u0107e stvaranje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>potpuno implantabilno + be\u017ei\u010dno punjenje + samoregulacija + dugotrajno umjetno srce.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ovo bi bilo vi\u0161e od obi\u010dne medicinske proteze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bilo bi <strong>puna bioni\u010dka zamjena za jedan od najva\u017enijih ljudskih organa.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ukratko, mo\u017eemo re\u0107i da imamo umjetna srca koja mogu izdr\u017eavati pacijenta mjesecima, pa \u010dak i omogu\u0107iti otpust iz bolnice, ali nemamo odobreno potpuno implantabilno umjetno srce za do\u017eivotnu trajnu zamjenu prirodnog organa.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Umjetno srce &#8211; do 2026. godine Od privremene zamjene za srce do potpuno implantabilnog bioni\u010dkog srca Ljudsko srce jedan je od najva\u017enijih organa u ljudskom tijelu. Djeluje kontinuirano od trenutka ro\u0111enja do kraja \u017eivota, pumpa krv u plu\u0107a i sve ostale organe. Kod te\u0161kog zatajenja srca moderna medicina ima nekoliko vrsta mehani\u010dke potpore [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65283547,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":false,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[792630314],"tags":[3013488,792630320],"class_list":["post-288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-umjetni-organi-dokle-je-znanost-stigla-2026","tag-umjetno-srce","tag-792630320"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4CoHV-4E","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2440,"url":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2026\/09\/23\/%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%ba%d1%83%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82-%d0%b1%d1%8f%d0%bb-%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b1-%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%ba%d1%8a%d0%b4%d0%b5-%d0%b5-%d0%b4%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82\/","url_meta":{"origin":288,"position":0},"title":"Umjetna plu\u0107a - 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dokle je znanost stigla 2026&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Umjetni organi - dokle je znanost stigla 2026","link":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/category\/umjetni-organi-dokle-je-znanost-stigla-2026\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/d0b1d18fd0bbd0b4d180d0bed0b1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/d0b1d18fd0bbd0b4d180d0bed0b1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/d0b1d18fd0bbd0b4d180d0bed0b1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/d0b1d18fd0bbd0b4d180d0bed0b1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2438,"url":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2026\/09\/23\/%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%ba%d1%83%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82-%d0%b1%d1%8a%d0%b1%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%ba-%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%ba%d1%8a%d0%b4%d0%b5-%d0%b5-%d0%b4%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b3\/","url_meta":{"origin":288,"position":1},"title":"Umjetni bubreg - dokle je znanost stigla 2026","author":"vkrastev2014","date":"23.09.2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0418\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043a \u2013 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u044f? \u0411\u044a\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e. \u0422\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u044a\u0432\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Umjetni organi - dokle je znanost stigla 2026&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Umjetni organi - dokle je znanost stigla 2026","link":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/category\/umjetni-organi-dokle-je-znanost-stigla-2026\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/d0b1d18ad0b1d180d0b5d0ba.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":291,"url":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2024\/05\/15\/artifitial-ear\/","url_meta":{"origin":288,"position":2},"title":"Umjetno uho - dokle je znanost stigla 2026","author":"vkrastev2014","date":"15.05.2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0418\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e \u2013 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0445\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e \u0427\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e. \u0422\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u044a\u043a\u044a\u0442\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Umjetni organi - dokle je znanost stigla 2026&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Umjetni organi - dokle je znanost stigla 2026","link":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/category\/umjetni-organi-dokle-je-znanost-stigla-2026\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d183d185d0be.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d183d185d0be.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d183d185d0be.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/d183d185d0be.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":297,"url":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2024\/05\/15\/artifitial-eye\/","url_meta":{"origin":288,"position":3},"title":"Umjetno oko - dokle je znanost stigla 2026","author":"vkrastev2014","date":"15.05.2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0418\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e \u2013 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Umjetni organi - 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