{"id":55,"date":"2014-05-11T22:50:48","date_gmt":"2014-05-11T22:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/?p=55"},"modified":"2026-10-19T12:20:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T12:20:46","slug":"important-shell-script-commands-which-are-oft-used","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/2014\/05\/11\/important-shell-script-commands-which-are-oft-used\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh Shell script quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Here is a list of some important shell commands:<\/p>\n

—- Using Screen command
\nscreen -ls — for a list of avaliable active screens
\nscreen -x …. – the Name from -ls output to join to this active screen
\nGo out of the Screen with ‘ctrl a+d’ without stopping it<\/p>\n

—- Harddisk and folder size
\ndf -h – filesystemsize
\ndu -sh * – shows the size of every folder <\/p>\n

—- Who
\nwhoami – list current user in current window
\nwho – list all users logged onto the Workstation<\/p>\n

—- Copy file to other Computer
\nscp filename username@ip-address:\/filepath
\nfilename is the file to copy and the rest is the Informationen for the remote Computer. You will be asked for a Password of the remote user.<\/p>\n

—- Show Users List
\ncat \/etc\/passwd | cut -d: -f1<\/p>\n

—- System information commands
\ndmesg – (for “diagnostic message”) is a command on Unix-like operating systems that prints the message buffer of the kernel. This buffer contains a variety of important messages from those printed during boot to those used for debugging software.
\nlspci -tv – Shows bridjes and main board
\nlshw – Information about installed devices
\n\/usr\/sbin\/prtconf -v | more – Shows the RAM in Unix System<\/p>\n

—- Show Linux version
\nuname -r
\ncat \/proc\/version<\/p>\n

—- kill commands
\nkill -15 pid — is graceful Kill
\nkill -9 pid — is forcible Kill <\/p>\n

—- Shows which files are open from the process
\npfiles processid<\/p>\n

—- Find a file per name
\nfind \/as -name *stat<\/p>\n

—- Debug script
\nsh -x script<\/p>\n

—- Vi commands
\nesc – in command mode
\na – append
\ni – insert
\nq – quit
\nw – write
\nx – backspace
\nd – delete<\/p>\n

shift g \t\t– springt am last line of text
\n:^g\t\t\t– list current line number
\n:set number\t – show line numbers<\/p>\n

Cut\/Paste Commands:<\/p>\n

x \t\t– delete one character (destructive backspace)
\n dw\t\t– delete the current word (Note: ndw deletes n numbered words)
\n dd \t\t– delete the current line (Note: ndd deletes n numbered lines)
\n D\t\t– delete all content to the right of the cursor
\n d$\t\t– same as above
\n :u\t\t– undo last command<\/p>\n

Searching and Substitution commands:<\/p>\n

\/ [string]\t – search forward for string
\n? [string]\t – search backwards for string<\/p>\n

Entering the Insert Mode:<\/p>\n

i\t\t – Begin inserting text at current cursor location
\n I\t\t – Begin inserting text at the beginning of the current line
\n a\t\t – Begin appending text, one character to the right of current cursor location
\nshift a\t – Begin appending text at the end of the current line
\n o\/O\t\t – Begin entering text one line below\\above current line
\n ESC\t\t – Exit insertion mode and return to command mode<\/p>\n

—- Less commands
\ng – go in the begining
\nshift g – go ende
\nshift 7 – Search
\nshift \u00df – Search backwards
\nn \t– go to next search match
\nshift n – go to before search match<\/p>\n

—- find command
\nfind . -name “*Sync*” -exec grep -l “501000093347053” {} \\;
\n– finds in the current Folder all files with Name Sync, who have the string XXXX in it<\/p>\n

—- Move files with script
\nls junk* | awk ‘{print “mv “$0″ ..\/iraf\/”$0″.dat”}’ | csh <\/p>\n

—- Using Nohup with sqlplus
\nnohup sqlplus username\/password @\/home\/sdmtest\/..sql name & — the Output is in nohup.out<\/p>\n

— remove all empty lines from a file
\negrep -v ‘^$’ nohup.out > newfile.txt<\/p>\n

—- tr command
\n tr [-c] [-d] [-s] [string1] [string2] output_file.txt
\n-c\tComplement the set of characters specified by string1.
\n-d\tDelete all occurrences of input characters that are specified by string1.
\n-s\tReplace instances of repeated characters with a single character.
\nstring1\tFirst string or character to be changed.
\nstring2\tSecond string or character to change the string1.<\/p>\n

tr -d ‘\\t’ newfile — delete all Tabs from a File<\/p>\n

—- ls commands
\nls -lrt — Shows sorted file output<\/p>\n

— show Variables value
\necho $variable Name – Shows the variable
\nset – list of all set Variabels<\/p>\n

—- Archivieren
\n tar -cf – file.dat | gzip -c > blabla.tgz — file.dat will be archived in blabla.tgz
\n tar -cf – * | gzip -c > blabla.tgz — all files from the Folder will be added to archive<\/p>\n

– Shows whats in Archive without unzip
\ngunzip -c blsbvs.tgz | tar tvf –<\/p>\n

– unzip only some files from archive
\ngunzip -c datejname | tar -xf – dateinamen mit pfad<\/p>\n

– better compression
\ncat file1 file2 | gzip > foo.gz<\/p>\n

– list the contents of a tar.gz file
\ntar -ztvf file.tar.gz
\n# t: List the contents of an archive
\n# v: Verbosely list files processed (display detailed information)
\n# z: Filter the archive through gzip so that we can open compressed (decompress) .gz tar file<\/p>\n

—- delete recursively a folder with all elements in it
\nrm -r foldername<\/p>\n

— change owner
\nls -l – see user – group
\nchown user:group filename<\/p>\n

— change file access rights
\nchmod u=rwx, g=rwx filename
\nchmod 777 filename<\/p>\n

—- Examples for regular expressions:<\/p>\n

# smug \t{search files for lines with ‘smug’}
\n# ‘^smug’ \t{‘smug’ at the start of a line}
\n# ‘smug$’ \t{‘smug’ at the end of a line}
\n# ‘^smug$’ \t{lines containing only ‘smug’}
\n# ‘\\^s’ \t{lines starting with ‘^s’, “\\” escapes the ^}
\n# ‘[Ss]mug’ \t{search for ‘Smug’ or ‘smug’}
\n# ‘B[oO][bB]’ \t{search for BOB, Bob, BOb or BoB }
\n# ‘^$’ \t{search for blank lines}
\n# ‘[0-9][0-9]’ \t{search for pairs of numeric digits}
\n# ‘[a-zA-Z]’ \t{any line with at least one letter}
\n# ‘[^a-zA-Z0-9] {anything not a letter or number}
\n# ‘[0-9]\\{3\\}-[0-9]\\{4\\}’ \t{999-9999, like phone numbers}
\n# ‘^.$’ \t{lines with exactly one character}
\n# ‘”smug”‘ \t{‘smug’ within double quotes}
\n# ‘”*smug”*’ \t{‘smug’, with or without quotes}
\n# ‘^\\.’ \t{any line that starts with a Period “.”}
\n# ‘^\\.[a-z][a-z]’\t{line start with “.” and 2 lc letters}<\/p>\n

—- Unix Commands list
\nhttp:\/\/www.computerhope.com\/unix.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Here is a list of some important shell commands: —- Using Screen command screen -ls — for a list of avaliable active screens screen -x …. – the Name from -ls output to join to this active screen Go out of the Screen with ‘ctrl a+d’ without stopping it —- Harddisk and folder size df […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65283547,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Important Shell script 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x\u00e1c","link":"https:\/\/vkrastev1blog.com\/category\/%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d0%b8%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b8-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d1%83%d1%85%d0%b0\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/films-about-bible-and-jesus.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/films-about-bible-and-jesus.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/films-about-bible-and-jesus.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/films-about-bible-and-jesus.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vkrastev1blog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/films-about-bible-and-jesus.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, 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\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0418\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0441 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 WordPress \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435: \u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u043e\u0440, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u044a\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432 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